History 1 NECTA Examination 2025 | Form Six Past Papers
Duration: 3 Hours Year: 2025
Instructions
This paper consists of seven (7) questions.
Answer a total of five (5) questions. Question one (1) is compulsory.
Each question carries twenty (20) marks.
All writing should be in blue or black ink.
Communication devices and any unauthorised materials are not allowed in the examination room.
Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).
Answer five (5) questions. Question 1 (one) is compulsory.
1. The post-colonial economic challenges to development in Tanzania resulted from colonial economic policies. Justify this statement by giving six points.
Post economic challenges to development in Tanzania resulted from colonial economic policies:
What were the colonial economic policies and how they caused challenge to development?
Colonial economic policies in Tanzania were based on exploitation, where natural resources were extracted and exported without industrial development. This left the country without a strong industrial base after independence, creating dependence on imported goods.
The colonial system concentrated infrastructure such as roads and railways only in areas that served their economic interests, especially plantations and mining zones. This uneven development created logistical problems for national integration and internal trade.
Cash crop production was prioritized over food crops during colonialism, forcing peasants to grow crops like cotton and sisal for export. After independence, this created food insecurity and dependency on food imports.
Colonial governments introduced taxation systems such as hut and head taxes, which forced Africans into wage labor. This disrupted traditional economies and made the post-colonial government struggle to formalize a stable tax system.
Colonial policies excluded Africans from owning major businesses and industries. After independence, there was a shortage of indigenous entrepreneurs and skilled personnel to drive the economy.
Colonial administration trained very few Africans in higher education and managerial roles, leading to a post-independence shortage of human capital to manage and plan the economy effectively.
2. In six points, show how Jihad movement transformed the socio-political and economic situations of West African societies in the 19th Century.
Unification of the people
People became unified by Islam under a Muslim King. The religion unified people who now considered themselves one and their tribal state come to an end.
New administration by educated officials
Educated officers like tax collector, ended traditionalism in the demonstration.
Presence of strong leaders
Leaders like Usman Dan Fodio, Seku Ahmadu, Al-Hajji Umar and Samori Toure. The states were now under strong leaders whose administration ensured formation and growth of these states.
Economic prosperity in the states
Agricultural, industrial and commercial sectors developed. The result was more food available for the population development of industries in the Islamic state and the growth of trade.
Islam stimulated education
Muslim clerics and ruling classes of men like Uthman dan Fodio and Al-Hadj Umar were themselves scholars. They trained people on different field like: teachers, administrators and judges. They opened learning institutions and libraries at various areas like Sokoto and Segu and circulated written materials throughout Western Sudan.
Islam promoted trade
The Muslim Fulani and Bambara and the rulling classes controlled trade and production of major trading items like Kola-nuts, palm oil and iron tools.
3. In six points, analyse the social and political impact of Triangular Slave Trade in West Africa.
Social impacts of Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa
Depopulation
Current estimates are that about 12 million to 12.8 million Africans were shipped across the Atlantic over a span of 400 years.
Separation of families
Some abandoned their homes due to insecurity, some died while trying to escape and some were taken away as slaves.
Fear
Fear was due to frequent wars, raids and ambushes.
Intermarriage
Intermarriage occurred between the foreigners and indigenous people.
Political Impacts of Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa
Decline of states
Some states declined because they were weakened when their subjects were captured and sold as slaves. For example, slave trade led to the fall of Congo and Ngongo Kingdom in Central Africa.
The rise of states
Some strong states arose due to accumulation of wealth from slave trade. For example, Benin and Oyo developed because they exchanged slave for clothes, guns and beads which were used to protect the state.
Economic impacts of Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa
- Destruction of African subsistence economy
- Land alienation
- Decline of production
- Decline of handicraft industries
- Accumulation of wealth by local rulers
4. In six points, examine the social and economic injustices which were encountered by the people of African origin in the new world.
5. In six points, examine measures taken by European powers to maintain constant supply of labour in the plantations and settler farms after 1945.
6. With concrete examples from Tanganyika, describe any six reforms that were done in the agricultural sector after the Second World War.
7. Explain six roles which Pan-Africanism played towards African decolonization.
Pata Majibu ya Maswali yaliyobaki kwa Tsh. 1,000/= tu, Wasiliana na Mwalimu Hapa
