Ili
uweze kufaulu mitihani yako ya shule unahitaji mambo matatu: Mwalimu sahihi,
Vitabu sahihi na mitihani ya kujipima.
Jifunze
zaidi mambo haya kwa kuingia katika kurasa nilizokuwekea hapa chini. Chukua
hatua katika kila hatua, utakachokipata kwa kufanya hivyo, ni ufaulu mzuri.
Soma:
Mwalimu Sahihi Atakayekufanya Ufaulu Mitihani yako
Soma:
Vitabu Sahihi Vitakavyokufanya Ufaulu Mitihani yako
Soma:
Jipime Maarifa yako kwa Kufanya Mitihani
Soma:
Jipatie Review za Mitihani ya NECTA
Colonial
social services were the services provided by the colonialists which involved
the provision of education, health, water, housing and electrical services.
Colonial Education
Colonial education was provided during the colonial
period. Because of poverty and discrimination few Africans were able to join
schools.
Objectives of Colonial Education
1. To train Africans so they may be used
as administrators for lowest posts e.g. messengers and clerks.
2. Colonial education was introduced to
train the sons and daughters of European colonial masters together with Asians.
3. To produce African puppets who were
brainwashed to favor the colonial government.
4. To expand the market for manufactured
goods from Europe. Learners in school were taught to buy the goods imported in
the colonies.
5. To provide agricultural knowledge so
as Africans would produce raw materials.
6. Destruction of African culture and
spread of European culture. This is because learners of colonial education were
supposed to follow European culture like dancing, eating style, language,
religion and marriage.
Features of Colonial Education
1. Pyramid shape quality
The number of students who started at lower levels
reduced as they went to higher levels.
2. Schools were built in areas with economic
importance
For example, in Kenya many schools were built in
Kenyan highlands which were a prime area for coffee production.
3. It was Discriminative in nature
There were Asian schools, European schools and
others for Africans. Africans received poor education as compared to Europeans
and Asians.
4. It was provided to the sons of African
chiefs
Sons of peasant never received this education.
5. Schools were built in urban areas
They built their schools by looking where many
settlers were living.
6. Education was basically about European
culture
For example, training involved the use of foreign
languages such as English and French.
Impact of Colonial Education on African Societies
1. It produced educated elites who
organized their fellow Africans to fight for independence e.g. J.K Nyerere and
Kwame Nkrumah.
2. Colonial education killed Africans'
skills at large, these skills remained in theory. Example of those skills are
medicine, local industries etc.
3. It produced classes between the
educated and those who were not educated.
4. Colonial education led to the
destruction of the African culture e.g. on dressing and eating.
5. It transmitted European culture and
killed African culture.
6. It extended the market for
manufactured goods from Europe. Educated people competed in consumption of
manufacturing goods.
Colonial Health Services
Colonial
health services they were the health services provided by the colonists to
serve the colonists and the African workers. Many hospitals were built.
Objective of colonial health
1. To give medicine to African peasant
and labors in order to maintain labour power.
2. To improve the living standard of the
whites. This is because they were sure to get treatment when they got sick.
3. To destroy African medication
services.
4. To prevent and cure the white imposed diseases
such as tuberculosis.
5. To get profit by selling drugs and
other medications to the Africans.
6. To provide employment opportunities to
the Europeans doctors who were unemployed in Europe.
Provision of water and housing services during the colonial
Era
During the colonial Era, colonialists provided water
and housing services in their colonies.
The motives for provision of colonial water and housing
services
1. To encourage the European settlement
More whites would have agreed to live in Africa
because of the availability of housing and water.
2. To find a place for living Africans
labor
Many Africans were taken from their homes and sent
to the plantation. There they needed housing.
Distribution pattern of water and housing services
Housing and water services were provided in areas
occupied by colonialists and African labors. It depended on economic value of
an area.
Areas that were not beneficial to whites especially
in rural, there was no water or housing.
Africans lived in slums and were scattered in
different parts of the capital city. Such slums were made using cheap materials
poles, grass and tins. Example in Nairobi Kenya slums were scattered while the
Europeans settled in better- drained neighborhoods.
Impact of the provision of colonial water and housing services
on African societies
1.
Emergency
of slums
Slum emerged due to lack of adequate shelter. In
these houses, illicit activities such as the sale of illegal liquor, theft and
drug trafficking take place.
2.
Emergence
of nationalism
Africans were living a difficult life and were
excluded from access to housing and water. This gave them the wrath to unite
together to oust the colonists. Mau Mau liberation war is a vivid example.
3.
Spread
of diseases
Diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria
affected Africans due to poor water services and housing available for African
communities.
4.
Many
Africans died
Many Africans died as a result of poor condition of
living in colonial urban centers.
Revision Questions
1. Why the
British in East Africa provided colonial health services to few areas such as
settler plantation areas, military camps and cash crops producing areas?
A To make
their subjects support the colonial rule.
B To keep
their subjects wealthier and resistant to diseases.
C To make
their subjects fit for economic production.
D To make
their subject loyal to the colonial state.
E To stop
their subjects from using traditional medicine.
2. How would
you prove that colonial education was an agent of division and racism in
colonial Africa?
3. Outline five
objectives of colonial education in Africa.
4. Colonial
education had a positive results to Africa since
A it
prepared the Africans to accept colonialism.
B it
provided elites who served in colonial governments.
C it
created post-colonial leaders.
D it
propagated African culture.
E it
developed African technology.
5. “Colonial
health system was discriminative.” Substantiate this statement by giving six
points.
6.
The following was one of the characteristics of
colonial education except
A it
based on rudimentary curriculum
B it segregated
the Africans
C it
focused on literacy and numeracy
D it
reflected the interests of the Africans.
E it was
provided to few people.
Kabla
hujafanya mtihani wako wa mwisho, ni lazima ujipime kwa kufanya mitihani mingi.
Pia,
pitia mitihani iliyopita (past papers) kwani humo utaweza kuona jinsi mitihani
inavyotoka.
Kujipima
kwa kufanya mitihani, kutakufanya uwe na uzoefu wa mitihani na uweze
kurekebisha makosa yako kabla mtihani wa mwisho haujafika.
Endapo
unahitaji mitihani ya kujipima, jipatie hapa.
THE
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
NATIONAL
EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF TANZANIA
CERTIFICATE
OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION
012
HISTORY
(For
both school and private candidates)
Time:
3 Hours Tuesday, 05th November 2019 p.m.
Instructions
1. This
paper consists of section A, B and C with a total of nine (9) questions.
2. Answer
all questions in section A and B and three (3) questions into section C.
3. Cellular
phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
4. All
drawing should be in pencil.
5. Write
your examination number on every page of your answer booklet(s).
SECTION
A (20 Marks)
Answer
all questions in this section.
1. For each of the item (i) – (xv), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.
i. What were the major types of oral traditions?
A Museums and archives
B Poems and proverbs
C Historical sites and narration of events
D Archaeology and museum
E Cultural practices and narration of events
ii. Why is Charles Darwin famous in history?
A He discovered pebbles and chopping tools.
B He discovered the fossil of man’s ancestors.
C He introduced the history of creation.
D He discovered the remains of old people.
E He introduced the theory of evolution.
iii. What was the most common method of farming in pre-colonial Africa?
A Mixed farming B Plantation agriculture C Shifting cultivation D Slash and burn cultivation E permanent crop cultivation
iv. As a historian, which one would you consider as Prince Henry’s main aim in organizing the Portuguese voyages to West and East African coasts?
A Acquiring raw materials, markets and cheap labour
B Acquiring colonies, raw materials and markets
C Spreading Christianity, adventure, and trade
D Establishing processing industries, markets and raw materials
E abolishing slave trade, slavery and introduction of legitimate trade
v. What took place in Europe between 1750s and 1850s?
A industrial revolution B Scramble for Africa
C Mercantile capitalism D Emergence of slave trade
E Monopoly capitalism
vi. Colonialism was established through
A post-colonial political changes. B violence and coercion.
C piracy and plundering. D revolution and violence.
E waylaying and bogus treaties.
vii. Who headed the Central government of the colony?
A Queen B Governor
C Secretary for colonies D Secretary General
E Minister for colonies
viii. The law that demanded the Africans to carry a labour card “Kipande” aimed at ensuring that
A the Europeans colony is exploitative effectively.
B there is effective occupation of the colony.
C the Africans should be allowed to grow cash crops.
D the welfare of the Africans were taken care of.
E the white farmers got a cheap supply of labour.
ix. Why the British in East Africa provided colonial health services to few areas such as settler plantation areas, military camps and cash crop producing areas?
A To make their subjects support the colonial rule.
B To keep their subjects wealthier and resistant to diseases.
C To make their subjects fit for economic production.
D To make their subjects loyal to the colonial state.
E To stop their subjects from using traditional medicines.
x. Which of the following were the long-term causes of the First World War?
I The formation of military alliances among the great powers of Europe.
II The need for revenge among the European powers.
III The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Serbia.
IV The rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazism in Germany.
A I and II B II and III
C IV and I D III and IV
E I and III
xi. Which of the following were the countries which used constitutional means to gain their political independence?
I Mozambique and Nigeria
II Kenya and Tanganyika
III Ghana and Uganda
IV Uganda and Tanganyika
A I and II B II and III
C IV and I D III and IV
E I and III
xii. What challenged the work of the police in 1998 in East Africa?
A Terrorist bombing attacks
B Idi Amin’s government take over from Milton Obote
C Launching over the New East African Community
D Inciting genocide in Rwanda
E Adoption of the universal declaration of Human Rights
xiii. The social challenges facing people in Africa include
A Political instability and tribalism.
B Tribalism and neo-colonialism.
C colonialism and illiteracy.
D illiteracy and diseases.
E corruption and lack of rule of law.
xiv. Which organ of the United Nations investigates situations that pose threat to international peace?
A The Executive Secretariat B The General Assembly
C The Trusteeship Council D The Security Council
E The Red Cross
xv. The international organization undermined by Hitler was called
A United Nations Organization. B League of Nations.
C Non-Aligned Movement. D Berlin conference.
E International Court of Justice.
2. Match the descriptions in List A with the corresponding names of the revolutions in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.
|
List A |
List B |
|
i. The revolution that was
led by Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1952. ii. The revolution that
removed the Arab regime from power during the 1960s. iii. The revolution that took
place in 1917 and inspired African nationalism. iv. The revolution that
took place in 1949 and provided material and moral support to African
nationalist struggles. v. The revolution whose
impact led to the abolition of slave trade. |
A. Russian revolution B. Industrial revolution C. Mineral revolution D. Egypt revolution E. Libya revolution F. Chinese revolution G. Zanzibar Revolution H. Sudanese October revolution |
SECTION
B (35 Marks)
Answer
all questions in this section.
3. Answer the following questions briefly:
i. Mzee Juma is an illiterate man with 89 years of age. He narrates past political events to his grand child who is eighteen years old. Why such method used by Mzee Juma is considered as an unreliable source of historical information?
ii. Why the Germany colonial agents would not forget the Hehe resistance?
iii. How would you relate the French assimilation policy and destruction of African culture?
iv. How would you prove that colonial education was an agent of division and racism in colonial Africa?
v. Why Adolf Hitler is blamed for the occurrence of the second World War?
vi. Why some historians consider Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck as the architect of the partition of the African continent?
4. Arrange the following historical events in chronological order by writing number 1 to 6 beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.
I. The League of Nations did not take any action when Japanese attacked Manchuria.
II. The United Nations Organization emerged as the successor to the League of Nations.
III. One of the treaties signed by the Central powers was the Versailles Treaty of 1919.
IV. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini used the effects of the Great Depression as a chance to enter into power and promised people to revive the Germany and Italy’s economy respectively.
V. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour forced the United States of America to participate in the Second World War
VI. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand immediately caused the emergence of military conflicts among the European powers.
5. Draw a sketch map of Africa and locate by using roman numbers:
I. A country which adopted a kind of a socialist ideology known as socialism and self-reliance.
II. A country which adopted a socialist ideology known as Humanism.
III. A country which was not colonized and is currently the headquarters of African Union.
IV. A country which adopted a kind of a socialist ideology known as the common Man’s Charter.
V. A Portuguese colony which tried to adopt a socialist ideology under FRELIMO political party.
SECTION
C (45 Marks)
Answer
three (3) questions from this section.
6. By using six points, explain how the Berlin Conference of 1884/1885 helped the European countries to prevent war that would have occurred due to the scramble for colonies.
7. How was migrant labor beneficial to the capitalists during the colonial period? Limit your response to six points.
8. Elaborate six factors that contributed to the occurrence of Mfecane during the 19th century.
9. “African countries have been suffering socially, economically and politically as a result of being members of the United Nations.” Explain six reasons to justify this statement.
